Warts

Warts are benign skin growths caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The virus leads to an excess accumulation of keratin, a hard protein in the epidermis, the top layer of the skin, resulting in the rough, hard texture of warts. Warts can appear on any part of the body, with common sites being hands, feet, and the genital area, each hosting different types of warts like common warts, plantar warts, and genital warts, respectively. They are usually skin-colored and rough to touch, but can be flat, smooth, or dark. Most warts are harmless and can eventually disappear without treatment, though some may persist for years.

Transmission of HPV occurs through direct contact with a wart or with something that touched a wart, such as towels or surfaces. Warts are contagious and can spread to other parts of the body and to other people, especially in those with a weaker immune system. Numerous treatments exist, including salicylic acid preparations, cryotherapy, and surgical interventions. Over-the-counter treatments are often effective for simple warts, while stubborn or sensitive-area warts may require professional medical treatment. Preventative measures include good hygiene practices and avoiding direct contact with warts.