Ulcers

An ulcer is a breach in the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or any other part of the gastrointestinal tract that is exposed to gastric acid. From a medical standpoint, the most common forms are peptic ulcers, which encompass both gastric ulcers, occurring in the stomach, and duodenal ulcers, located in the first part of the small intestine. These lesions develop due to an imbalance between digestive fluids and the protective mechanisms that line the gastrointestinal tract. Factors contributing to this imbalance include infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or aspirin.

Symptoms of ulcers may include gnawing or burning pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and bloating. Bleeding ulcers can present with more severe signs, such as bloody or black stools and vomiting blood, which require immediate medical attention. Diagnosis is typically made via endoscopy, a procedure that visualizes the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, or through imaging and blood tests. Treatment often involves antacids, acid blockers like proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics to treat Helicobacter pylori infection, and lifestyle modifications to reduce the recurrence of ulcers.