Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood due to insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose by the body's cells for energy. In individuals with Type 2 diabetes, the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, and the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin to overcome this resistance, leading to elevated blood glucose levels.

The pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes is complex and influenced by a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Risk factors include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, advancing age, and family history. Over time, high blood sugar levels can cause serious complications, such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and increased susceptibility to infections. Management includes lifestyle interventions like diet and exercise, alongside medications and/or insulin therapy to control blood sugar levels and prevent or delay complications. Monitoring of blood sugar levels and regular medical check-ups are essential to manage this condition effectively.