TMJ Disorders

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting the joint that connects the lower jawbone to the skull. Medically, TMJs are the structures that facilitate mouth opening, closing, and other movements necessary for speech, chewing, and facial expressions. Disorders of the TMJ can result from various etiologies, including but not limited to, anatomical abnormalities, trauma, arthritis, excessive jaw clenching, or teeth grinding (bruxism). Symptoms often include jaw pain or tenderness, difficulty chewing, a clicking or locking of the jaw joint, and pain that may radiate to the ear or face. In some cases, the discomfort can lead to chronic pain and affect the quality of life.

From a diagnostic standpoint, TMJ disorders are assessed through clinical examination and patient history. Imaging studies such as X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans may be used to evaluate the extent of the joint damage or to rule out other conditions. Treatment strategies vary depending on the severity and cause of the disorder and can range from conservative measures like physical therapy, dental splints, and medications to more invasive procedures like injections or surgery. An interdisciplinary approach, often involving dentists, physical therapists, and medical physicians, is usually employed to manage symptoms and improve jaw function.