STD

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also referred to as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are infections predominantly passed from one person to another through sexual contact. This broad category encompasses a variety of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections. Examples include chlamydia, gonorrhea, human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), syphilis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These infections can also be spread through non-sexual means such as blood transfusions, shared needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

STDs can present with a range of symptoms, including but not limited to, genital ulcers, urethral or vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, and in some cases, systemic symptoms such as fever and lymphadenopathy. However, many STDs can also be asymptomatic, leading to undiagnosed and untreated infections that can result in long-term health problems, including infertility, chronic pain, and increased risk of acquiring HIV. Prevention methods include safe sex practices, vaccination (such as for HPV and hepatitis B), and regular screening to enable prompt treatment. Early detection and appropriate management are vital for minimizing morbidity and preventing transmission to others.