Speech

Speech is the complex, dynamic process that involves the production of sounds for the purpose of communication. Medically, it encompasses the coordination of multiple systems within the human body, particularly the respiratory, laryngeal, articulatory, and neurological systems. The respiratory system provides the airstream necessary for sound production, while the larynx, or voice box, utilizes that airflow to generate vocal fold vibrations, creating the raw sounds of speech. Articulators, including the tongue, lips, teeth, and palate, then shape these sounds into recognizable speech.

Neurologically, speech production is governed by the brain, which orchestrates the sequence and timing of muscle movements required for articulation. Any disruption in these components, such as from a stroke, brain injury, or developmental disorder, can result in speech impairments. These impairments are evaluated and treated by medical professionals like speech-language pathologists who specialize in communication disorders. They use various strategies and therapies to improve speech production, fluency, voice quality, and language skills, aiming to enhance an individual's ability to communicate effectively.