Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a medical condition characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Primarily driven by DNA damage often caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, these mutations can lead to the development of malignant tumors. There are several types of skin cancer, with the most common being basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. BCC and SCC are collectively referred to as non-melanoma skin cancers and are generally more treatable if detected early. Melanoma is less common but far more aggressive and can rapidly spread to other organs if not treated promptly.

From a medical standpoint, diagnosis involves visual inspection and dermoscopy, followed by biopsy to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment varies based on the type, size, and stage of the cancer and may include surgical excision, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, or topical medications. Preventative measures include minimizing UV exposure, using sun protection, and undergoing regular skin checks to catch potential cancers early on. Early detection significantly improves the prognosis, as many skin cancers can be cured, particularly if they are non-melanoma types and caught in the early stages.