Sinusitis

Sinusitis is an inflammatory condition involving the paranasal sinuses, which are air-filled cavities located within the bones around the nose and eyes. This inflammation leads to an interference with mucus drainage, resulting in congestion, pressure, and pain. Often a result of infection, allergy, or autoimmune issues, sinusitis can be classified as acute (short-term) or chronic (lasting more than 12 weeks). Acute cases are typically linked to viral infections such as the common cold, but they can also be caused by bacteria or, less commonly, fungi. Chronic sinusitis may develop due to ongoing inflammation rather than infection and can be exacerbated by factors like nasal polyps, deviated septum, or chronic medical conditions that affect sinus drainage.

Symptoms of sinusitis include nasal congestion, facial pain or pressure, purulent nasal discharge, loss of smell, cough, and sometimes fever. The diagnosis is often made clinically but may be supported by imaging studies like CT scans, especially in chronic cases to assess the extent of sinus involvement. Treatment can range from conservative management with saline irrigations and nasal corticosteroids to antibiotics for bacterial infections. In cases where standard medical treatment fails, surgical intervention might be required to restore proper sinus drainage and function.