Sinus Infection

A sinus infection, or sinusitis, is a condition characterized by inflammation of the sinuses, which are the air-filled cavities located in the skull around the nose and eyes. This inflammation can be triggered by various factors, including bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, allergies, or pollutants. When the sinuses become inflamed, their normal mucus drainage may be blocked, leading to an accumulation of mucus and subsequent infection. Common symptoms of a sinus infection include nasal congestion, facial pain or pressure, thick nasal discharge, reduced sense of smell, cough, and fatigue. Acute sinusitis refers to short-term inflammation, typically associated with a cold or respiratory illness, while chronic sinusitis lasts for more than 12 weeks despite medical treatment.

Diagnosis of sinus infections is usually based on clinical symptoms, but can be confirmed by imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, as well as nasal endoscopy. Treatment varies depending on the cause and duration of the sinusitis. Acute bacterial sinusitis is often treated with antibiotics, whereas viral sinusitis usually resolves on its own with symptomatic relief such as nasal decongestants, saline sprays, and pain relievers. Chronic sinusitis may require prolonged courses of antibiotics, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, or even surgery for severe cases where obstructive lesions prevent normal sinus drainage.