Shoulder Pain

Shoulder pain is a common complaint that may arise from various structures within the shoulder joint or from surrounding muscles, ligaments, and tendons. The shoulder complex comprises the glenohumeral joint, acromioclavicular joint, sternoclavicular joint, and the scapulothoracic articulation. Issues in any of these areas can lead to discomfort and dysfunction. Pain can stem from acute injuries such as fractures or dislocations, overuse injuries like tendinitis or bursitis, degenerative diseases including osteoarthritis, or systemic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, referred pain from the neck or heart can manifest in the shoulder.

Diagnosing the precise cause of shoulder pain requires a detailed medical history and physical examination, complemented by imaging techniques like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans when necessary. Treatment is tailored to the underlying etiology and may include rest, ice, physical therapy, medications, or injections to reduce inflammation and pain. In some cases, surgery is warranted to repair damaged structures. Preventive measures like proper ergonomics at work, regular exercise, and stretching can be important in avoiding recurrence or exacerbation of shoulder pain.