Sex

Sex, in a medical context, often refers to biological characteristics that define male and female organisms, mainly based on reproductive functions. This encompasses chromosomes (XY for males and XX for females in humans), sex organs (testes in males and ovaries in females), and secondary sexual characteristics (such as breast development in females and facial hair in males). It also includes the roles these biological traits play in sexual reproduction, where the male sperm fertilizes the female ovum, potentially leading to pregnancy and childbirth.

From a behavioral perspective, sex is commonly associated with physical activities that lead to sexual reproduction or pleasure, typically involving a series of physiological responses known as the sexual response cycle (excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution). These events involve a complex interplay of hormones, muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. Coitus, or sexual intercourse, is the most recognized form of sexual activity and entails the insertion of the penis into the vagina. However, sex has a broad definition that can also include other forms of sexual expression and activities beyond penetration, and it plays a significant role in human bonding and relationships. Medical professionals consider sexual health a crucial area of overall health, addressing issues like contraception, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and sexual dysfunctions.