Seizures

Seizures are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, feelings, and levels of consciousness. They are a symptom of various neurological disorders, with epilepsy being the most well-known condition characterized by recurrent seizures. The nature of seizures can vary dramatically from person to person, encompassing a range of manifestations from brief lapses in attention or muscle jerks to severe and prolonged convulsions. They may be generalized, involving the entire brain, or focal, starting in one part of the brain and potentially spreading.

The exact cause of a seizure can be difficult to determine and may include factors such as genetic predisposition, brain injury, infections, stroke, and certain diseases. Medical professionals classify seizures not only by their origin but also by how they manifest, with names like "absence," "tonic-clonic," and "atonic," amongst others. Diagnosis usually involves a neurological examination and often requires an electroencephalogram (EEG) to detect electrical activity in the brain. Treatment options depend on the underlying condition and might include medications, lifestyle changes, or neurosurgery for severe cases. Effective management of seizures is crucial as they can interfere with daily activities and, in certain situations, lead to potentially life-threatening complications like status epilepticus.