Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects a person’s thoughts, perceptions, emotions, and behaviors. It is typically characterized by episodes of psychosis, which includes hallucinations (hearing, seeing, or sensing things that are not present) and delusions (firmly held false beliefs). Cognitive symptoms such as disorganized thinking, trouble concentrating, and difficulties with memory may also be present. The onset of symptoms usually occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood.

The exact cause of schizophrenia is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a complex interplay of genetic, brain chemistry, and environmental factors. Neuroimaging studies show structural and functional changes in the brain, and neurotransmitter imbalances, particularly in dopamine pathways, are associated with its symptoms. There is no cure for schizophrenia, but it can be managed with a combination of antipsychotic medications, psychological therapies, and support services. Treatment aims to reduce the severity of symptoms and improve the affected person’s ability to function. Early diagnosis and continuous management are key to better long-term outcomes.