Rosacea

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition primarily affecting the face, characterized by episodes of flushing, persistent redness, small dilated blood vessels (telangiectasias), inflammatory papules, pustules, and sometimes ocular involvement. The exact etiology of rosacea is unknown, but it is thought to result from a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, vascular reactivity, and possibly the presence of certain microorganisms like the skin mite Demodex. Various triggers, such as sun exposure, hot or spicy foods, alcohol, stress, and extreme temperatures, can exacerbate symptoms. The condition is most common in fair-skinned individuals and typically begins after age 30.

There are four recognized subtypes of rosacea, each with its own set of symptoms: 1) Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (persistent redness and flushing), 2) Papulopustular rosacea (redness with transient bumps and pustules), 3) Phymatous rosacea (skin thickening and irregular surface nodularities, often the nose, known as rhinophyma), and 4) Ocular rosacea (affecting the eyes). Management includes identifying and avoiding triggers, using appropriate skin care, and treatment with topical or oral medications to control inflammation and other symptoms. Persistent or severe cases may require laser therapy. While there is no cure for rosacea, these strategies can help manage and reduce the impact on the patient's quality of life.