Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints, which can lead to joint damage, pain, swelling, and reduced mobility over time. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium – the lining of the membranes surrounding the joints. This results in an inflammatory response that thickens the synovium, and can eventually destroy the cartilage and bone within the joint. The exact cause of RA remains unknown, but it involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.

RA often affects joints symmetrically (for example, both hands or both wrists) and can also affect other tissues throughout the body, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels. Symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and loss of appetite often accompany joint manifestations. While RA is a chronic condition with no cure, treatment strategies focusing on managing symptoms and improving joint function include medications like disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biological response modifiers, and physical therapy. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in preventing joint damage and disability.