Rhabdomyolysis

Rhabdomyolysis is a serious medical condition characterized by the rapid breakdown of damaged skeletal muscle tissue, leading to the release of intracellular contents, including myoglobin, potassium, and creatine kinase, into the bloodstream. This process can be triggered by various factors such as severe physical trauma, prolonged muscle compression, extreme physical activity, certain medications, drug abuse, infections, and metabolic or genetic disorders. The rapid increase in myoglobin levels may overwhelm the kidneys, which can lead to acute kidney injury, a potentially life-threatening complication.

The clinical presentation of rhabdomyolysis can range from mild to severe, with symptoms such as muscle pain, weakness, swelling, dark urine (due to myoglobinuria), and general malaise. Diagnosis typically involves the assessment of clinical history, physical examination, and confirmation through laboratory tests that show elevated levels of serum creatine kinase, usually more than five times the normal limit. Additionally, urinalysis may reveal the presence of myoglobin. Early recognition and treatment of rhabdomyolysis are crucial to prevent kidney damage and other complications. Treatment focuses on aggressive intravenous fluid administration to maintain urine output, correct electrolyte imbalances, and may include dialysis if kidney function is severely compromised.