Raynaud's Disease

Raynaud's Disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a vascular disorder that causes some areas of the body—such as the fingers and toes—to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperatures or stress. In Raynaud's disease, smaller arteries that supply blood to the skin constrict excessively, limiting blood circulation to affected areas (vasospasm). This reaction, often called an attack, can lead to a sequence of color changes in the skin from white to blue and finally to red as blood flow returns.

The condition can exist as a primary disorder (Primary Raynaud's) or be associated with other diseases (Secondary Raynaud's). Primary Raynaud's is more common and less severe, generally not associated with additional medical conditions. Secondary Raynaud's, however, is linked to diseases that affect connective tissue, such as scleroderma or lupus. Diagnosis typically involves a review of symptoms, physical examination, and possibly blood tests or nailfold capillaroscopy to check for underlying issues. Treatment focuses on preventing attacks and reducing their frequency through lifestyle changes, medications, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention.