Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a combination of skin lesions typical of psoriasis and joint inflammation akin to rheumatoid arthritis. It is classified under the umbrella of spondyloarthritis, which encompasses a group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases that cause arthritis. The onset of PsA typically occurs in individuals between the ages of 30 and 50, but it can commence at any age. Its etiology is multifactorial, with genetic, immunological, and environmental factors contributing to its development. PsA presents heterogeneously, with symptoms ranging from mild joint pain to severe, debilitating arthritis. Notably, it can affect any joint, and in more severe forms, it may lead to irreversible joint damage or deformity if not properly managed.

The diagnosis of PsA is primarily clinical, based on the presence of psoriatic skin or nail changes and inflammatory arthritis symptoms. Supportive findings may include imaging results—such as X-rays or MRI that reveal joint destruction or bone proliferation—and elevated inflammatory markers, although serological tests like rheumatoid factor are typically negative, distinguishing it from rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic therapies targeting specific inflammatory pathways. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to control symptoms, prevent joint damage, and maintain function and quality of life for individuals with PsA.