Probiotics

Probiotics are live microorganisms—usually bacteria, but also yeasts—that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gut. They are also known as "good" or "friendly" bacteria. From a medical perspective, probiotics are often used to promote a healthy balance of gut bacteria and have been associated with a wide range of health benefits. These benefits include improved digestion, enhanced immune function, and reduced risk of some diseases. Probiotics are available in dietary supplements and fermented foods, such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi.

In clinical settings, probiotics may be recommended for treating specific health issues such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and certain intestinal infections. They exert their effects by outcompeting harmful bacteria for food and space, producing substances that lower intestinal pH, and stimulating the body's own immune response. However, not all probiotics are the same; different strains and species have unique properties and may affect the body differently. The use of probiotics in medicine is a growing area of research, and while they are generally considered safe for most people, more studies are needed to understand their potential therapeutic roles and long-term impact on health.