Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infectious respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the air sacs, or alveoli, in one or both lungs. When affected by pneumonia, these air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, leading to symptoms such as cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Various organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, can cause pneumonia. The severity of the illness can range from mild to life-threatening and is particularly dangerous for infants, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying health issues.

Diagnosis of pneumonia typically involves a combination of patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays or blood tests. Treatment depends on the type and severity of pneumonia and may include antibiotics for bacterial cases, antiviral medications for viral pneumonia, or antifungal treatment for fungal infections. Supportive care often includes rest, hydration, and medication to relieve symptoms. In more severe cases, hospitalization may be required for supplemental oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation. Vaccinations can prevent some types of pneumonia, underscoring the importance of immunization in vulnerable populations.