PCOS

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by an imbalance in female sex hormones. The condition often leads to the development of multiple small, fluid-filled sacs called cysts on the ovaries. Hormonal discrepancies can cause irregular menstrual cycles, high levels of androgens (male hormones, which females also produce), and polycystic ovaries, where the ovaries are enlarged and contain numerous small follicles that surround the eggs. Though the exact cause of PCOS is unclear, factors such as insulin resistance, inflammation, and genetics play a role.

Women with PCOS may experience a range of symptoms including hirsutism (excess hair growth), acne, obesity, and difficulties with fertility. The irregular ovulation associated with PCOS can result in subfertility or infertility due to the absence of ovulation. Moreover, PCOS is associated with an increased risk for developing other health conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer. Management and treatment of PCOS often involve lifestyle changes, like diet and exercise, to mitigate symptoms and reduce health risks, as well as medications to address specific symptoms, such as hormonal treatments for menstrual irregularities and fertility issues.