Panic Attacks

Panic attacks are abrupt surges of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes, and can occur unexpectedly or as a response to a trigger. Medically, they are characterized by at least four of the following symptoms: palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate; sweating; trembling or shaking; sensations of shortness of breath or smothering; feelings of choking; chest pain or discomfort; nausea or abdominal distress; feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint; chills or heat sensations; paresthesia (numbness or tingling sensations); derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself); fear of losing control or “going crazy”; fear of dying.

During a panic attack, the body's "fight or flight" response is activated in the absence of actual danger. This can lead to significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Panic attacks can be a symptom of panic disorder but also occur in the context of other anxiety disorders, medical conditions, or without any disorder. They require a comprehensive evaluation to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment, which may include psychotherapy, medication, lifestyle changes, and relaxation techniques.