Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, a glandular organ located behind the stomach that plays a crucial role in digestion and blood sugar regulation. It occurs when the pancreas' digestive enzymes become activated while still inside the gland, leading to the digestion of pancreatic tissue itself. This inflammatory process can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis is a sudden and severe condition that can range from mild discomfort to a life-threatening emergency, often marked by symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a long-standing inflammation that results in permanent damage, leading to scar tissue and a decline in the organ's function over time.

The most common causes of pancreatitis are gallstones and chronic alcohol use, although other factors such as certain medications, infections, trauma, and genetic disorders can also contribute to its development. The diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical history, physical examination, blood tests—especially measuring serum amylase and lipase—and imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs. Treatment for pancreatitis often focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting pancreatic function while addressing the underlying causes. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required to manage complications like dehydration, malnutrition, and the risk of infection.