Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is a type of malignancy that originates in a woman’s ovaries, the pair of reproductive glands that produce eggs (ova) for reproduction. The cells in the ovaries can undergo abnormal changes and begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor which can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and abdomen, which is a late stage of cancer and makes it more challenging to treat effectively. Early-stage ovarian cancer rarely causes any symptoms, while advanced-stage cancer may cause few and nonspecific symptoms that are often mistaken for more common benign conditions.

From a medical standpoint, ovarian cancer is classified into different types based on the type of cells where the cancer began. The most common form is epithelial ovarian cancer, which arises from the cells on the surface of the ovary. Other types include germ cell tumors and stromal tumors, originating from the cells that produce eggs and hormone-producing cells, respectively. Treatment options for ovarian cancer often involve a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. The prognosis for ovarian cancer patients depends on various factors, including the cancer's stage at diagnosis, the patient's overall health, and the tumor's specific characteristics. Early detection through regular pelvic examinations and awareness of the disease's symptoms is crucial for improving survival rates.