Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage in the joints. Cartilage is the smooth, slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones where they form a joint, enabling them to glide over one another with minimal friction. Over time, OA can lead to a deterioration of this protective cartilage, resulting in bone rubbing against bone, which can cause pain, swelling, and restricted movement. This condition is the most common form of arthritis and is primarily seen in middle-aged and older adults, but it can also occur as a result of injury or other joint-related issues.

The progression of osteoarthritis can vary from mild to severe and can affect any joint, although it most commonly impacts the knees, hips, hands, and spine. Risk factors for developing OA include age, obesity, genetics, sex with a higher prevalence in women, joint injuries, and repetitive stress on the joints. While the damage from OA is irreversible, treatment options such as physical therapy, medications, lifestyle modifications, and in some cases, surgery, are available to help manage symptoms and improve joint function. There is currently no cure for OA, but ongoing research continues to explore new therapeutic avenues.