Muscular Dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of inherited genetic conditions that cause progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. The various types of muscular dystrophy are characterized by the absence or defect of muscle proteins that are essential for normal muscle function. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form in children, and it predominantly affects boys. Over time, individuals with muscular dystrophy may lose the ability to perform everyday tasks and may require assistive devices.
The progression and severity of muscular dystrophy can vary widely depending on the specific type and genetic factors involved. Symptoms often begin in childhood, with muscle weakness typically starting in the proximal muscles—those closest to the body's trunk—and later affecting more distal limb muscles. This weakness can lead to difficulties in walking, climbing stairs, and maintaining posture. Respiratory and cardiac muscles can also be affected in some forms of the condition, which can lead to serious health complications. There is currently no cure for muscular dystrophy, but treatments such as physical therapy, medications, and surgical interventions aim to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.