MS

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective sheath covering nerve fibers, known as myelin, leading to communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body. The disease can cause a variety of symptoms that may vary widely among individuals and can range from mild to severe. These symptoms may include fatigue, difficulty in walking, numbness or tingling, muscle weakness, and problems with coordination and balance. Visual disturbances, such as blurred vision or double vision, are also common. As the disease progresses, some individuals may experience cognitive changes or emotional disturbances.

The cause of MS remains unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. MS is typically diagnosed in young adults, with more women affected than men. Diagnosing MS involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging techniques like MRI, and sometimes analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. While there is no cure for MS, there are several treatments available that can modify the course of the disease, manage symptoms, and improve quality of life. These treatments include disease-modifying therapies, which can reduce the frequency and severity of relapses, and symptomatic treatments to alleviate specific symptoms.