Mouth

The mouth, also referred to as the oral cavity, is the first part of the digestive system and plays an essential role in various physiological processes including ingestion, mastication (chewing), speech, respiration, and taste. It is bounded by the lips at the front, cheeks at the sides, palate at the top, and by the throat at the back. The mouth houses the tongue, teeth, gingivae (gums), salivary glands, uvula, and the openings of the pharynx and esophagus. Its lining is composed of mucous epithelium which contains sensory receptors important for detecting food texture and temperature.

From a medical standpoint, the health of the mouth is crucial as it can reflect the state of overall health. Diseases can manifest within the oral cavity, such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancers, as well as systemic conditions that present oral symptoms like diabetes and certain autoimmune disorders. The oral microbiome, consisting of beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms, plays a significant role in oral health. Good oral hygiene practices and regular dental check-ups are fundamental in preventing many mouth-related illnesses. Medical professionals also stress the importance of the mouth in diagnosing and managing conditions, making oral examination a routine part of physical health assessments.