Mononucleosis

Mononucleosis, often known as 'mono,' is an infectious illness typically caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), although other viruses can also be responsible. It spreads through bodily fluids, primarily saliva, which is why it's sometimes referred to as “the kissing disease.” It can also be transmitted through coughing, sneezing, or sharing utensils with someone who is infected. The disease is characterized by a combination of symptoms such as fever, sore throat, swollen lymph glands, and extreme fatigue. While it is more common in adolescents and young adults, it can affect individuals of any age.

The diagnosis of mononucleosis is typically based on the presenting symptoms and is confirmed with blood tests that look for EBV antibodies or atypical white blood cells known as lymphocytosis. There is no specific treatment for mono, as it is a viral infection; care is largely supportive, focusing on managing symptoms. This includes adequate rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers to alleviate fever and throat pain. Most people recover within 2 to 4 weeks, although some may experience fatigue that lingers for months. It's important for those affected to avoid contact sports or heavy lifting for a few weeks after symptoms resolve, since mono can cause the spleen to enlarge, which puts it at risk of rupture.