Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, which is a part of the body's immune system. This malignancy affects lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in defending the body against infections and diseases. There are two main types of lymphoma: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), with the latter being more common. They are differentiated by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in HL, which are not found in NHL. Lymphoma can cause lymph nodes to enlarge and may affect other organs as well. Symptoms can include weight loss, fever, night sweats, and unexplained fatigue.

Diagnosis of lymphoma often involves a physical examination, followed by imaging tests and a biopsy to confirm the presence of malignant lymphocytes. The treatment varies depending on the type and stage of lymphoma and can include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and in some cases, stem cell transplantation. Prognosis and treatment options are highly individualized, taking into account factors such as the patient's overall health, age, and the specific characteristics of the cancer. Advances in medical research have significantly improved the success rates of lymphoma treatments, particularly for early-stage diseases.