Lyme Disease

Lyme disease is a bacterial infection primarily transmitted by Ixodes ticks, commonly known as deer ticks or black-legged ticks, that are infected with the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. The disease is most prevalent in temperate forested areas of North America and Europe. Lyme disease may present with a variety of symptoms, the most characteristic being a skin rash known as erythema migrans, which appears at the site of the tick bite in 70-80% of infected persons. Early stages of the disease can also include symptoms like fever, headache, and fatigue. If left untreated, the infection can disseminate to the joints, heart, and nervous system, leading to more severe and chronic symptoms.

Diagnosis of Lyme disease is based on clinical signs and symptoms, supported by a history of potential exposure to infected ticks. Laboratory testing can be helpful in the diagnosis, especially in the later stages of the disease. Antibiotics are the primary treatment for Lyme disease and are most effective when begun early in the course of the illness. Preventive measures include avoiding tick-infested areas, using insect repellents, performing tick checks after exposure, and wearing protective clothing. Lyme disease, particularly in its early stages, is generally curable, but timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications.