Lice

Lice are tiny, wingless parasitic insects that infest the hair and skin of humans, leading to itching and discomfort. Three types commonly affect humans: Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice), Pediculus humanus corporis (body lice, or clothes lice), and Pthirus pubis (pubic lice, or crabs). Lice feed on small amounts of blood drawn from the scalp or body, and are most often seen in crowded living conditions and places with inadequate sanitation. These parasites are highly contagious and spread through direct person-to-person contact or by sharing personal items like combs, hats, or clothing.

Head and pubic lice infestations are diagnosed by visual inspection of the hair and skin for the presence of lice or their eggs, known as nits. Nits are tiny, oval-shaped, and usually found attached firmly to the hair shaft, close to the skin. Treatment typically involves topical insecticides to kill the lice and manual removal of nits. Maintaining good personal hygiene and washing clothes and bedding at high temperatures can help control and prevent lice infestations. Oral medications may be used in more severe cases or when topical treatments fail. It is important to note that lice infestations are not necessarily a reflection of poor personal cleanliness or hygiene.