Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common, chronic, functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by a group of symptoms that often occur together. These symptoms include recurrent abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits such as diarrhea, constipation, or a combination of both, without any evident physical abnormalities or biochemical markers. IBS is typically classified into three types: IBS with predominant constipation (IBS-C), IBS with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D), and mixed IBS (IBS-M), where constipation and diarrhea alternate. The exact cause of IBS remains unclear, but it is believed to result from a complex interplay of psychological, environmental, and genetic factors leading to alterations in gut motility, hypersensitivity, immune system function, and gut-brain communication.

Diagnosis of IBS is based on symptom-based criteria, often referred to as the Rome IV criteria, and the exclusion of other organic diseases. Treatment for IBS is multi-faceted, typically involving dietary and lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and sometimes psychological interventions. High-fiber diets, low-FODMAP diets, stress management, and regular exercise can help manage symptoms. Medications may include fiber supplements, laxatives, antidiarrheals, antispasmodics, and prescription drugs targeting specific symptoms or gut functions. Despite the absence of a cure for IBS, many individuals can effectively control their symptoms and achieve a good quality of life.