Infertility

Infertility is a medical condition characterized by the inability to conceive a child after one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. In women, it can result from various factors, including ovulatory disorders, fallopian tube damage, endometriosis, uterine anomalies, and age-related decline in fertility. In men, infertility may be due to issues with sperm production, function, or delivery, including low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or anatomical obstructions. Infertility affects approximately 10-15% of couples of reproductive age and can be attributed to both male and female factors.

Diagnosis of infertility typically begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination, followed by specific diagnostic tests. Women may undergo hormonal assays, ultrasound, hysterosalpingography, or laparoscopy to assess reproductive anatomy and function. For men, a semen analysis is conducted to evaluate sperm count and quality. Treatment options vary based on the underlying cause and can range from medication to induce ovulation, assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF), or surgical interventions. The emotional impact of infertility can be significant, often necessitating psychological support or counseling for affected individuals and couples.