Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is a condition characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones, which are secreted by the thyroid gland situated at the base of the neck. Thyroid hormones, primarily triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), play a critical role in the regulation of a variety of bodily functions, including metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature. In hyperthyroidism, the excess of these hormones can accelerate the body's metabolism, leading to rapid weight loss, irregular heartbeat, sweating, nervousness, and irritability.

The causes of hyperthyroidism include Graves’ disease, toxic adenomas, Plummer's disease, and thyroiditis. Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder, is the most common cause and occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, prompting it to produce too much hormone. Diagnosis involves a thorough clinical evaluation, blood tests to measure levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and sometimes imaging tests. Treatments can vary depending on the cause and severity of the condition and may include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, beta-blockers to manage symptoms, or thyroid surgery in severe cases.