Hypertension

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition where the force of the blood against artery walls is consistently too high. Blood pressure is quantified by two measurements: the systolic pressure, indicating the force during heartbeats, and the diastolic pressure, which is the force between beats. A blood pressure reading is considered hypertensive when the systolic pressure is 130 mmHg or higher, or the diastolic pressure is 80 mmHg or higher. Hypertension often develops over many years, and it can go unnoticed because it might not produce any symptoms. However, consistently high blood pressure can have damaging effects on the cardiovascular system and is a significant risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and other health issues.

From a medical perspective, managing hypertension involves lifestyle modifications and possibly medication. Lifestyle changes may include adopting a healthier diet, such as the DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), engaging in regular physical activity, reducing sodium intake, limiting alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, and quitting smoking. When lifestyle modifications are insufficient, physicians may prescribe antihypertensive medications such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, diuretics, or calcium channel blockers to help lower blood pressure and mitigate risks for developing related complications. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are crucial for effective management of hypertension.