HIV/AIDS

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus that targets the human immune system, primarily the CD4+ T cells, which play a critical role in immune response. HIV infection leads to a gradual depletion of these cells, weakening the immune system and impairing the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers. The virus is transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk, commonly spread through unprotected sexual intercourse, needle-sharing, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, diagnosed when the immune system is severely compromised and specific opportunistic infections or cancers arise. Without treatment, individuals with AIDS typically survive about three years. However, with the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), individuals infected with HIV can effectively manage the virus, preventing progression to AIDS and maintaining a high quality of life. ART suppresses HIV replication, allowing the immune system to strengthen and reducing the risk of transmission, transforming HIV from a fatal disease into a manageable chronic condition.