High Cholesterol

High cholesterol refers to the presence of elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood, a waxy, fat-like substance that is essential for building cells and producing certain hormones. However, too much cholesterol can lead to atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of cholesterol, fats, and other substances in and on the artery walls (plaques), which can restrict blood flow. Cholesterol is transported through the bloodstream by lipoproteins; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the "bad" cholesterol that contributes to plaque buildup, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the "good" cholesterol that helps remove LDL from the bloodstream.

From a medical perspective, high cholesterol often has no symptoms initially and is detected through blood tests. Risk factors for developing high cholesterol include a diet high in saturated and trans fats, lack of exercise, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol use, and genetics. If left untreated, high cholesterol increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attack and stroke. Management includes lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight, along with medications like statins when necessary, which help to lower LDL cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.