Hernia

A hernia is a medical condition characterized by the protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening in the muscle or tissue that usually contains it. This typically occurs when there is a weakness or tear in the supporting muscle or fascia, allowing a part of an organ, such as the intestine, to push through. Hernias are most commonly seen in the abdomen, but they can also occur in the groin, upper thigh, and around the navel. Symptoms can range from a visible bulge or lump to more severe complications like pain, discomfort, and, in some cases, life-threatening strangulation of the tissue.

The types of hernias vary based on their location, and include inguinal (groin), umbilical (navel), hiatal (upper stomach), and incisional hernias (resulting from a surgical incision). While some hernias may be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, others require medical intervention. Treatment options depend on the hernia's size, symptoms, and associated risks, and range from watchful waiting to surgical repair, which involves the repositioning of the herniated tissue and reinforcement of the weak area, often with mesh, to prevent recurrence. Since untreated hernias can lead to complications such as obstruction and strangulation of the tissue, which can compromise blood supply, prompt medical assessment is important.