Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are vascular structures in the anal canal that become swollen and inflamed, often resulting in discomfort or pain. In their normal state, they act as cushions that help with stool control. There are two types of hemorrhoids: internal, which are located inside the rectum, and external, which develop under the skin around the anus. Internal hemorrhoids may not be noticeable, as they are situated in a less sensitive area without pain receptors, while external hemorrhoids can be felt as lumps and can cause significant discomfort or pain.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids include rectal bleeding (often bright red blood on toilet tissue or in the stool), itching, and rectal pain. The condition can be caused by increased pressure in the lower rectum from straining during bowel movements, sitting for prolonged periods, chronic diarrhea or constipation, obesity, or during pregnancy due to the increased pressure on the pelvic region. Managing hemorrhoids typically involves lifestyle changes like increased fiber intake, drinking more fluids, and exercising to prevent constipation and straining. When self-care does not suffice, medical treatments may include topical creams, noninvasive procedures like rubber band ligation, or surgical intervention in more severe cases.