Heat Stroke

Heat stroke is a form of hyperthermia, a serious medical condition resulting from the body's inability to regulate its core temperature. It occurs when the body's heat-regulating mechanisms fail, often in combination with environmental heat exposure, leading to a core body temperature of 40°C (104°F) or higher. Heat stroke can result from strenuous physical activity in hot weather, or be non-exertional, affecting individuals in hot environments without physical exertion. It is a medical emergency requiring prompt intervention to prevent potentially fatal complications.

Clinically, heat stroke presents with central nervous system abnormalities such as confusion, seizures, or coma, in addition to the high core temperature. The skin may be hot and dry if sweating has ceased, or moist in individuals still capable of perspiration. Other symptoms include headache, dizziness, nausea, rapid heartbeat, and rapid, shallow breathing. Immediate cooling of the patient is crucial, alongside supportive care such as hydration and monitoring of kidney function and electrolytes. Without prompt treatment, heat stroke can lead to organ failure, including kidney, liver, or heart dysfunction, and may result in permanent disability or death.