Heartburn

Heartburn, medically known as pyrosis or acid indigestion, is a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), characterized by a burning discomfort or pain that usually arises from the stomach and can extend up into the throat. It ensues when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle designed to function as a one-way valve between the esophagus and stomach, becomes weakened or relaxes inappropriately, allowing stomach contents, including acid, to flow back into the esophagus. This backwash of acid can irritate the lining of the esophagus, resulting in the distinctive sensation of heartburn.

Heartburn is commonly triggered by certain foods and drinks, overeating, or lying down too soon after a meal. It is often described as a discomfort that starts in the upper abdomen and moves up towards the neck, sometimes accompanied by a sour taste in the mouth due to the presence of stomach acid. While occasional heartburn is quite common and can typically be managed with lifestyle changes and over-the-counter medications, persistent heartburn may require medical attention to rule out more serious conditions, such as esophageal damage or Barrett's esophagus, and to establish a proper treatment plan.