Heart Health

Heart health refers to the proper functioning and maintenance of the cardiovascular system, which includes the heart and blood vessels. A healthy heart efficiently pumps blood, which transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues throughout the body while also removing waste products. Key indicators of heart health include normal blood pressure, healthy cholesterol levels, and regular heart rate and rhythm. Risk factors that can compromise heart health include hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, and a sedentary lifestyle. Preventing heart disease involves managing these risks through lifestyle modifications and, if necessary, medication.

To assess and monitor heart health, medical professionals use a variety of tools including blood pressure measurements, blood tests to evaluate lipids and glucose levels, electrocardiograms (ECG), stress tests, and imaging studies like echocardiograms or coronary angiograms. Primary prevention strategies, like adhering to a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, regular physical activity, smoking cessation, and weight management, are crucial. Secondary prevention, for those with established heart disease, includes all primary prevention measures plus targeted medical or surgical interventions to manage conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, or arrhythmias to prevent further cardiovascular events.