Head Lice

Head lice are parasitic insects scientifically known as *Pediculus humanus capitis* that infest the hair and scalp of humans. These tiny, wingless parasites feed on small amounts of blood drawn from the scalp. They are a common problem worldwide and are most prevalent among children aged 3 to 11 years, although anyone with hair can become infested. Lice are not known to transmit disease but their presence can lead to intense itching and discomfort due to allergic reactions to their saliva. The itching can result in secondary bacterial infections due to scratching. Diagnosis of head lice is generally made by visually identifying live lice or their eggs (nits) on the affected person's hair.

Transmission of head lice occurs through direct head-to-head contact or by sharing personal items such as combs, hats, and brushes, although the latter is less common. They cannot jump or fly; they only crawl. Over-the-counter and prescription medications are available for treatment, usually in the form of topical insecticides. Proper application is essential for successful eradication. Additionally, combing out nits and lice with a fine-toothed nit comb helps to ensure the removal of all lice and nits. Preventive measures include avoiding head-to-head contact and not sharing items that come into contact with hair.