Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium. It can infect both men and women, typically affecting moist and warm areas of the body, such as the urethra, rectum, throat, and cervix. Transmission occurs through sexual contact with an infected person, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Mothers can also pass the infection to their babies during childbirth. Symptoms vary and can include painful urination, discharge from the penis or vagina, increased menstrual bleeding, and painful bowel movements, but many individuals may be asymptomatic and unknowingly spread the disease.

Diagnosis of gonorrhea involves laboratory testing, often using urine samples or swabs from the affected area. Effective treatment usually requires antibiotics, and dual therapy with two different antibiotics is recommended to prevent antibiotic resistance. However, over time, some strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have become resistant to certain drugs, making treatment more challenging. It’s crucial to inform all recent sexual partners if diagnosed so they can also be tested and treated. Consistent and correct use of condoms reduces the risk of gonorrhea and regular STI screening is advised for sexually active individuals. Left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to serious health complications, including infertility and an increased risk of HIV infection.