Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by damage to the optic nerve, which is crucial for vision. This damage is often associated with abnormally high pressure in the eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide and can occur at any age but is more common in older adults. The optic nerve damage is usually progressive and irreversible, leading to a gradual loss of vision. The most common form of glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, develops slowly over time without any symptoms until significant vision loss has occurred. By contrast, acute angle-closure glaucoma, which is less common, can present suddenly and is considered a medical emergency.

Early detection through regular eye examinations is essential since symptoms are often absent until the condition has advanced significantly. Treatment for glaucoma typically involves reducing the intraocular pressure to prevent further optic nerve damage. This can be achieved using prescription eye drops, oral medications, laser treatment, or surgery depending on the severity and the type of glaucoma. While the damage caused by glaucoma cannot be reversed, with early diagnosis and proper treatment, it is possible to slow or halt the progression of the disease, preserving vision.