Gingivitis

Gingivitis is a common and mild form of gum disease (periodontal disease) that causes irritation, redness, and swelling (inflammation) of the gingiva, the part of the gum around the base of the teeth. It is important to take gingivitis seriously and treat it promptly, as it can lead to a much more serious gum disease known as periodontitis and tooth loss if left untreated. The main cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene that encourages plaque to form on teeth, which is an invisible, sticky film composed mainly of bacteria. Plaque that is not removed by daily brushing and flossing can harden and turn into tartar, which brushing doesn't clean. The longer plaque and tartar remain on teeth, the more they irritate the part of the gum around the base of the teeth, leading to inflammation.

Symptoms of gingivitis include red, swollen, tender gums that may bleed during toothbrushing. Bad breath and a change in the way the teeth fit together when biting can also occur. Gingivitis is reversible with professional treatment and good oral home care. Treatments aim to reduce inflammation, eliminate infection, and stop the progression of the disease. This generally includes a professional dental cleaning and may be followed by lifestyle changes and improved oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing and flossing, to maintain healthy gums and prevent recurrence.