Genital Warts

Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV types 6 and 11. They manifest as small, flesh-colored or gray swellings in the genital area. Both men and women can be affected by genital warts, which can appear on the penis, vulva, urethra, vagina, cervix, and around or inside the anus. They may be present as a single wart or in clusters that resemble a cauliflower-like shape. Although they are typically painless, they can occasionally cause discomfort, itching, or bleeding, particularly if they grow large or are irritated by friction.

Diagnosis is often made by visual inspection of the lesions, and in some cases, a biopsy may be required to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment options vary, including topical medications, cryotherapy, surgical removal, or laser treatment, depending on the severity and location of the warts. It is essential to note that while treatment may remove the warts, it does not eradicate the HPV infection; thus, warts can recur, and the virus can be transmitted to sexual partners. Preventive measures include HPV vaccination, which can protect against the types of HPV most commonly associated with genital warts and cervical cancer, and using condoms during sexual activity to reduce the risk of transmission.