Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis, colloquially known as the stomach flu, is an inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract, specifically the stomach and intestines. It is typically caused by viruses, such as norovirus and rotavirus, though bacteria like E. coli and parasites can also be culpable. Infected individuals experience a variety of symptoms including diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and nausea, with potential for fever and headaches. The primary concern in gastroenteritis is dehydration, which can lead to severe complications, especially in vulnerable populations such as young children and the elderly.

The diagnosis of gastroenteritis is mainly clinical, based on symptoms and the exclusion of other diseases. Laboratory tests are used for specific pathogens when the illness is severe, prolonged, or when a foodborne outbreak is suspected. Management focuses on rehydration, either orally or intravenously for more severe cases, and electrolyte maintenance. Antibiotics are not routinely used, except in cases of certain bacterial or parasitic infections. Overall, prevention through good hygiene, proper sanitation, and vaccination for viruses like rotavirus is pivotal in reducing the incidence of gastroenteritis.