Gastritis

Gastritis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation or irritation of the gastric mucosa, which is the lining of the stomach. This condition can be acute, manifesting suddenly with severe symptoms, or chronic, developing gradually and potentially lasting for a long period. Gastritis can be caused by various factors, including Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic alcohol consumption, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), stress, autoimmune disorders, and bile reflux. Symptoms may include upper abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea, vomiting, bloating, loss of appetite, and in severe cases, gastrointestinal bleeding.

Diagnosis of gastritis typically involves a combination of patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as blood tests, stool tests for H. pylori or the presence of blood, and endoscopy with biopsy. The latter provides a direct look at the stomach lining and the opportunity for tissue sampling. Treatment is aimed at addressing the underlying cause and relieving symptoms. This may involve the use of antacids, proton pump inhibitors, or H2 receptor blockers to reduce stomach acid, antibiotics to treat H. pylori infection, and lifestyle modifications like diet changes and stress management. In chronic cases, ongoing monitoring and medication may be required to prevent complications such as ulcers or an increased risk of stomach cancer.